print(C.) # (<class ' main .C'>, <class ' main .A'>, <class ' main .B'>, <class 'object'>) d = D()
: Stores methods, class variables, and other definitions.
Faster attribute access, less memory, but no dynamic attributes. python 3 deep dive part 4 oop
Python’s OOP model is rich, consistent, and deeply integrated with the language’s dynamic nature. Moving beyond basic classes into descriptors, metaclasses, protocols, and the data model unlocks the full potential of Python.
However, accessing that same function through a created instance changes its type completely: print(C
In , we’ll explore concurrency in Python: threads, asyncio, and the GIL. Until then, write more classes — but now, write them better.
Classes themselves are objects created by type . This uniformity enables powerful metaclass programming. Classes themselves are objects created by type
This report assumes you have a basic understanding of Python classes but want to explore the deeper mechanics, advanced patterns, and internals of Python’s OOP model.
__slots__ prevents automatic __dict__ creation, saving memory for many instances.
This is a hook that runs when a class is subclassed. It is often used instead of metaclasses for simple framework tasks.