The passage discusses how E-ZPass, once a novel convenience for Northeast U.S. commuters, has become the foundation for a global shift in transportation technology. It details how radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags are being replaced or supplemented by sophisticated video recognition software that reads license plates directly. Experts like Naveen Lamba from IBM highlight that while these systems improve efficiency and reduce the need for physical toll plazas, they also raise significant concerns regarding data security and the "unconscious" spending habits of drivers who no longer see the cash leaving their pockets. E-ZPass Was Just the Beginning: IELTS Reading Answers
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California, Pennsylvania, Texas and Virginia may be all over the map politically, but they share a challenge: how to collect tolls from drivers who use their highways. Electronic toll collection is increasingly the obvious answer. Pennsylvania, which is trying to turn Interstate 80 into a toll road, is considering going completely electronic and not including cash lanes. Other states are also looking for ways to raise money for highway repair, upkeep and expansion. Because resistance to raising gas taxes remains strong, lawmakers are turning to tolls — or "user fees."
: Radio-frequency identification, the core technology for transponders. IELTS Reading Strategies The passage discusses how E-ZPass, once a novel
Answer: smartphone apps / license plate recognition
Mastering this text requires looking past the literal words to understand how a single technological innovation (the toll tag) cascades into complex social discussions regarding privacy, urban planning, and economics. Keep practicing your skimming and scanning techniques, keep an eye on the clock, and use these answered keys to evaluate your current reading comprehension level. Experts like Naveen Lamba from IBM highlight that
E-ZPass uses RFID and (6) ______ to communicate between a tag and a toll reader. DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communications – if space allows, otherwise “radio”)
, which use radio-frequency identification (RFID) and high-speed cameras. Key themes include: Convenience for Drivers
While the text mentions the high cost of manual toll collection, it specifically cites toll-takers and plaza maintenance rather than security guards.
A person or thing that comes before another of the same kind. Example: E-ZPass was the precursor to modern smart-city tracking.